Citation for Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad

Citation styles are based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Ed., and the MLA Style Manual, 2nd Ed..

MLA

"Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad." In The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Ed. John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Jan 27, 2021. <http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2575>.

Chicago

"Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad." In The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. , edited by John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2575 (accessed Jan 27, 2021).

Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad

(d. 1988 )

President of Pakistan, 1979 – 88 . Led the 1977 military coup d'etat against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto . Legitimized his rule by promoting the “Islamization” of state and society via the introduction of Islamic taxes (zakah and ushr), an interest-free economy, the traditional Islamic penal code, and reforms in culture and education. Was a close ally of the United States and conduit for U.S. support for Afghani resistance to the Soviet occupation. Killed in a suspicious plane crash.