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" Adam ." In The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Ed. John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. May 25, 2022. <http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47>.
" Adam ." In The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. , edited by John L. Esposito. Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47 (accessed May 25, 2022).
First human being. Created to be God's vicegerent (steward) on earth. The Quran records Adam's fall from grace as the result of disobedience to God's commands but, unlike Christian tradition, the fall carries no accompanying “original sin” passed down to all mankind. God forgave Adam when he repented and turned away from disbelief.